Important Points SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) During the Inspection of RCC NP4 Pipes

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Important Points SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) During the Inspection of RCC NP4 Pipes: -    Image-Hydro Test (Photo Credit: Ritesh Raj) (1.) Firstly, approved QAP will be checked.  (2.) ID marks should be marked on the inner and outer sides of pipes.  Image-ID Mark (Photo Credit: Ritesh Raj)  (3.) To check the inner and outer diameter of pipes.   (4.) Smooth finishing and before dispatch of RCC pipes cement slurry or grouting where required.   (5.) Load test is required for RCC pipes as per IS codes. It is different for each dia, of RCC pipes.  Image-Plate Load Test (Photo Credit: Ritesh Raj)   (6.) Concrete mix design checked and in which cement content, cement brand, and water-cement ratio should be checked.  (7.) The straightness test to be checked of RCC pipes through the straightness rods to collinear visible.   (8.) As per requirement 2% of hydro tests are to be checked as IS:458 of the total ordered quantity.  Image-Hydro Test (Pressure Release) (Photo Credit: Ritesh Raj)  
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Important terms/points of civil engineering

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In this article,I am presenting few important most important questions with their answers.These questions could be of your great help for your interview and general awareness about civil engineering. Please go through it.I hope it will expand your knowledge.

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(1.) Bleeding:- Diffusion or running of concrete through form work. It indicates the more water cement ratio and fine particles.

(2.)Curing:-Curing is done to supply of necessary water required for hydration and stop or prevent the loss of moisture from the surface of the concrete.

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Steam under pressure curing helps to gain the early strength of the concrete but does not provide the increase in compressive strength neither reduces the shear strength of the concrete.

(3.) Rebound hammer(Schmidt hammer) test gives only approximate estimation of strength of the concrete specimen.

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(4.)Smaller size of aggregates in a concrete mix provides larger surface area for bonding with the mortar matrix which increases the compressive strength and reduces the stress concentration at the mortar aggregate interface.

(5.) Important Concrete Tests:- 

(a.) Rebound deflection     

(b.) Radioactive waves
                                                                            
(c.) Ultrasonic Pulse

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 (d.) Creep-recovery

(6.)Le-chatelier-Means Soundness Test-Presence of free lime in the cement

(7.) Vicat needle with annular collar-To know the final setting time if penetration is nil.

(8.) Vee-Bee Test-Flow test for workability

(9.) Briquette test machine-For direct tensile strength of cement

(10.) Pozzolana-means maximum fly ash (economial)

(11.) Super plasticizer reduces the water-cement ratio but does not reduces the quantity of cement required for mix design.Since, water required is less. So, increases the resistance to freezing and thawing.

(12.) Flakiness Index means material(aggregate) having thickness 3/5th of average dimension of this aggregate.

(13.) The use of super-plasticizers are admixture permits lower water-cement ratio thereby strength is increased.


(14.) Blast furnace slag-High % of tri calcium silicate (Non-mettalic product)

(15.) High alumina cement-Initial setting time is approximately three and a half hours.

(16.) Low heat cement-(means)-Rate of hardening is low.So, low shrinkage.

(17.)White cement-Low % of iron oxide

Image Source:heidelbergcement.com

(18.) Specific gravity of cement is about 3.15 whereas loose density is 1440 kg/m3

(19.) In the case of timber,tension is maximum parallel to the grain and compression is maximum perpendicular to the grain.

(20.) The fineness of cement is tested by-Air permeability method

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(21.) The correct standard conditions(temp.)of concrete cube=27+-30c

(22.) The moisture content in a properly seasoned timber will be in the range of-10 to 12%

(23.) Volume of 1 bag cement-0.035 cum

(24.) Creep:-Deformation of the structure under the sustained load (long time) under the direction of load is known as ''creep''.

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(25.) Types of Soil Testing:-

(a.) In-situ moisture content

(b.) Specific gravity of soil

(c.) Particle size distribution(by weight sieving)

(d.) Compaction Test (by Core-cutter or proctar method)

(e.) CBR test

(26.) Stone aggregate used in WBM is larger in size compared to WMM.

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(27.) In case of WBM, its size varies between 45 mm to 90 mm. depending upon the grade while in case of WMM aggregate size varies between 4.75 mm to 20 mm.

(28.) WMM-Wet Mix Macadam

         WBM -Water Bound Macadam

         ASTM-American society for testing and materials


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(29.) Material used in WBM-Stone aggregate,screening material (kankar or murrum or smaller stone aggregate for filling voids)

(30.) Material used in WMM-Stone aggregate and binders

(31.) Quantity of WBM-Cum

(32.) Quantity of WMM-Squ.m

(33.) WMM cost is more as compared to WBM.

(34.) WMM has many advantages over WBM-

          (A.) Superior gradation of aggregates

          (B.) Faster rate of construction

          (C.) Higher standard of intensification

          (D.) Less consumption of water

          (E.) Stricter std. of quality achievable 

(35.) As per code, per squ. m 1 chair is required.
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(36.) The temp. at which the bricks are burnt in kiln varies from 10000C to 12000C.

(37.) Concrete does not need more water but curing supply the necessary water required to concrete if there is any loss due to evaporation.

(38.) Plywood advantage is that-Its tensile strength is equal in all directions.

(39.) Aluminium powders-Air entrainer for better durability

(40.) Volume of cement=Mass of cement/(Specific gravity X 1000)

(41.) Volume of water=Mass of water/(Specific gravity X 1000)

(42.) Minimum crushing strength of brick in buildings should be 35 kg/cm2

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Written By-
Ritesh Raj
Email Id-rajritesh.motiharirr@gmail.com



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