Important Points SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) During the Inspection of RCC NP4 Pipes

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Image
Important Points SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) During the Inspection of RCC NP4 Pipes: -    Image-Hydro Test (Photo Credit: Ritesh Raj) (1.) Firstly, approved QAP will be checked.  (2.) ID marks should be marked on the inner and outer sides of pipes.  Image-ID Mark (Photo Credit: Ritesh Raj)  (3.) To check the inner and outer diameter of pipes.   (4.) Smooth finishing and before dispatch of RCC pipes cement slurry or grouting where required.   (5.) Load test is required for RCC pipes as per IS codes. It is different for each dia, of RCC pipes.  Image-Plate Load Test (Photo Credit: Ritesh Raj)   (6.) Concrete mix design checked and in which cement content, cement brand, and water-cement ratio should be checked.  (7.) The straightness test to be checked of RCC pipes through the straightness rods to collinear visible.   (8.) As per requirement 2% of hydro tests are to be checked as IS:458 of the total...
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"Description of Aggregate"

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Aggregate is a construction material, which is widely used in concrete. It is cheaper than cement. In concrete approx 75% portion is only concrete. The used aggregate in construction must be hard, clean, durable and well graded.


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Type of Aggregate:-

     (1.)  Fine Aggregate (Sand)-The aggregate which is passes through 4.75 mm sieve, and then it is             known as fine aggregate. The fine aggregate main function in concrete is   to assist in producing the workability and uniformity in the mixture.

    (2.)  Coarse Aggregate(10 mm, 20 mm)-The aggregate which is not passes through 4.75 mm aggregate i.e. they are retained on 4.75 mm sieve, and then it is known as coarse aggregate.

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Recent Post:Description of Brick

Shape of the Aggregate:-

(1.)  Rounded Aggregate

(2.)  Angular Aggregate

(3.)  Cubical Aggregate

(4.)  Irregular Aggregate

(5.)  Flaky Aggregate
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Judgment of Good Aggregate:-

      (1.)  Aggregate must have rough surface.

      (2.)  Aggregate must be hard and more durable. It should not be soft or porous.

      (3.)  Aggregate must be neat and clean before used in construction and it will also free from lumps or undesirable material.

      (4.)  Prefer only angular shape of the aggregate.

      (5.)  Aggregate should be chemically inert and limiting porosity.

Also Read:Description of Lime


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Classification of Aggregate through unit weight-

    (1.)  High density or heavy aggregate

    (2.)  Normal weight aggregate
          
    (3.)  Light weight aggregate
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     Also Read:Description of concrete

Properties of Aggregate:-

(1.)  Shape

(2.)  Size

(3.)  Strength

(4.)  Surface Texture

(5.)  Bulk Density

(6.)  Specific Gravity

(7.)  Water Absorption

(8.)  Soundness

(9.)  Bulk Density

(10.) Moisture Content

(11.) Absorption Value

(12.) Soundness of Aggregate

(13.) Potential Reactivity of Aggregate
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Note:-

     (1.)  The particle size distribution is analyzed by gradation/sieve analysis.

     (2.)  The aggregate used for making the concrete are 80 mm, 40 mm, 20mm, 10 mm, 4.75 mm, 2.36 mm, 600 micron, 300 micron and 150 micron.

     (3.)  The aggregate from 80 mm to 4.75 mm are coarse aggregate and the aggregate from 4.75 mm to 75 micron is known as fine aggregate.


Thermal Properties of aggregate:-

(1.)  Thermal Conductivity

(2.)  Specific heat

(3.)  Coefficient of thermal expansion



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Also Read:Syllabus of civil engineering

Related test of coarse aggregate:-

    (1.)  Aggregate Impact Value Test

    (2.)  Aggregate Crushing Value Test

    (3.)  Aggregate Abrasion Value Test

    (4.)  Flakiness & Elongation Test

    (5.)  Specific Gravity Test

    (6.)  Water Absorption Test

Surface Texture of Aggregate:-

    (1.)  Glassy

    (2.)  Smooth

    (3.)  Granular

    (4.)  Crystalline

    (5.)  Honey Combed and Porous

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 Flakiness Index:-

It represents the % of particles present in it, whose smallest dimension is less than 3/5 or 0.6 times of its mean dimension.

Elongation Index:-

It represents the % of particles present in it, whose longest dimension is greater than 4/5 or 0.8 times of its mean dimension.


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Fineness Modulus:-

It is defined as the sum of cumulative % weight retained on the sieve of standard size and it is divided by 100.

Fineness modulus varies from 2 to 3.5 for fine aggregate and 5.5 to 8 for coarse aggregate.

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Also Read:Description of quality control in construction industry

Zone of Sand:-

The four grading zones indicated the standard is meant to cover the use of the natural sands available in the country. It is, however, necessary to appreciate the limitations in either using very coarse sand or very fine sand or the need to make suitable changes in the mix design. Four zone are indicates in the format of gradation.


IS Sieve Designation
Percentage Passing For
Grading         Zone-I
Grading               Zone-II
Grading                   Zone-III
Grading                Zone-IV
10 mm
100
100
100
100
4.75 mm
90-100
90-100
90-100
95-100
2.36 mm
60-95
75-100
85-100
95-100
1.18 mm
30-70
55-90
75-100
90-100
600 mm
15-34
35-59
60-79
80-100
300 mm
5-20
8-30
Dec-40
15-50
150 mm
0-10
0-10
0-10
0-15

                                                                             Source-IS Code: 383 (Table No-5, Page No.-11)

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Division of Sand:-

Fine sand is divided into three parts-

       (1.)  Natural Sand 

       (2.)  Crushed Stone Sand

       (3.)  Crushed Gravel Sand
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Related IS Code:-
    
     (1.)  IS:383

           (2.)  IS:2386

   Has this blog been helpful to you? If yes, please mention in the comment box.


     Thanks for visiting this site.



Written By- 
Ritesh Raj
Email Id-rajritesh.motiharirr@gmail.com

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