"Description of Cement"

                                                   

Cement is an important ingredient of concrete. It is a binding material, which works is to create the plasticity and bind the other ingredients of material of concrete i.e. fine aggregate (sand), coarse aggregate (10 mm & 20 mm).

When it will adding to fine aggregate i.e. sand works as a mortar and when it will adding to fine aggregate and coarse aggregate with their proper required amount of water and make a complete homogeneous mixture produce concrete.

Cement is made from crushed rock with burnt lime as a binder.

                       

                             

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Classification of Cement:- 

      (A)   Hydraulic Lime-.It is safe from chemical attack. It is a cohesive in nature. It is sets in under water and in wet condition. Hydro means water and lime is the main ingredients parts of cement. So, it is called as hydraulic lime.

(      (B)   Non-Hydraulic Lime- When cements will added with sand, aggregate and waters it creates a chemical reaction and due to its adhesive nature it will set further. It’s resistant to chemical attack after setting. 

     

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Component of Cement:-

(a.)Calcareous Compound-Lime

(b.)Argillaceous Compound- Silica, Clay

Composition of Cement:-

            

Sl. No.	Ingredients	Range
1	Lime	60%-65 %
2	Silica	17%-25%
3	Alumina	3%-8%
4	Iron Oxide	2%-5%
5	Calcium Sulphate	1%-4%
6	Magnesia	1%-3%
7	Sulpher	1%-3%
8	Alkali	0.2%-1%

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Types of Cement:-

(1.)  Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC 33, OPC-43 & OPC-53 Grade)

(2.)  Portland Pozzolana Cement

(3.)  Portland Slag Cement i.e. Blast Furnace Slag Cement

(4.)  Rapid Hardening Cement

(5.)  Extra Rapid Hardening Cement

(6.)  Sulphate Resistant Cement          

          

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(7.)  Quick Setting Time Cement

(8.)  Super Sulpated Cement

(9.)  Low Heat Cement

(10.) Hydrophobic Cement

(11.)  White Cement

(12.)  High Alumina Cement

                             (13.)  IRS T-40 Cement

Composition of Cement Clinker:-

Cement compound i.e. raw materials are put in kiln, it fuses and clinker is formed. These compounds are known as “Bouge Compound”.

Sl. No.	Bogue Compound	Symbol	Name
1	Tri Calcium Silicate	C3S	Alike
2	Di Calcium Silicate	C2S	Balike
3	Tri Calcium Aluminate	C3A	Celite
4	Tetra Calcium Alumino Ferrite	C4AF	Fellite

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Manufacturing of Cement:-

Its involve three basic operations:-

(i) Mixing of ingredients

(ii) Burning of ingredients to form clinker

(iii) Grinding

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Process of Manufacturing:-                     

(          (a.)  Dry Process----------Modern Method

(          (b.) Wet Process---------Old Method

Testing Of Cement:-

(A.) Field Test-------------- (i) Color Test

                                    (ii) Physical Properties Test

                                    (iii) Lump Test

                                                 (iv) Strength Test

(B.) Laboratory Test-------(i) Consistency Test

                                    (ii) Initial Setting Time

                                    (iii) Final Setting Time

                                    (iv)Soundness Test

                                                  (v) Strength Test  
 

                                                                         (vi) Specific Gravity Test

                                                                        (vii)Fineness Test

                                             (viii)Heat Of Hydration Test

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Hydration Of Cement- When water is added to cement a chemical reaction between water and cement takes place which is known as hydration of cement and heat liberated during this chemical reaction is known as heat of hydration.

                

Factors Affecting Hydration of Cement-

    (1.) Temperature

    (2.) Fineness Of Cement

    (3.) Proportion of ingredients of cement, clinker

 

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Important Points:-

    (1.) Lime imparts strength and soundness of the cement.

    (2.) Soundness means resistance towards change in volume.

    (3.) If lime is in excess, it makes the cement unsound and cause it to disintegrate.

    (4.) If lime is deficient the strength of cement decreases.

    (5.) If silica is in excess it also increases the strength of cement, but its setting time is increases.

    (6.) Alumina acts as a flux in reducing the clinkering lime.

    (7.) Iron oxide imparts colour, strength and hardness of cement.

    (8.) Calcium Sulphate helps to increasing the initial setting time of cement.

    (9.) Sulpher is responsible for the soundness of cement.

   (10.) When magnesia is in excess, it makes the cement unsound.

   (11.) Lime, Magnesia and Sulpher are the three compounds, which affects the soundness test.

        
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Written By- 

Ritesh Raj

Email Id-rajritesh.motiharirr@gmail.com