Important Points SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) During the Inspection of RCC NP4 Pipes

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Image
Important Points SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) During the Inspection of RCC NP4 Pipes: -    Image-Hydro Test (Photo Credit: Ritesh Raj) (1.) Firstly, approved QAP will be checked.  (2.) ID marks should be marked on the inner and outer sides of pipes.  Image-ID Mark (Photo Credit: Ritesh Raj)  (3.) To check the inner and outer diameter of pipes.   (4.) Smooth finishing and before dispatch of RCC pipes cement slurry or grouting where required.   (5.) Load test is required for RCC pipes as per IS codes. It is different for each dia, of RCC pipes.  Image-Plate Load Test (Photo Credit: Ritesh Raj)   (6.) Concrete mix design checked and in which cement content, cement brand, and water-cement ratio should be checked.  (7.) The straightness test to be checked of RCC pipes through the straightness rods to collinear visible.   (8.) As per requirement 2% of hydro tests are to be checked as IS:458 of the total ordered quantity.  Image-Hydro Test (Pressure Release) (Photo Credit: Ritesh Raj)  
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"Description of Brick"

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Brick is as an important building material. Bricks can be joint together using mortar which makes it adhesive and interlocking them. It is used for residential structure, commercial structure, institutional structure and industrial structure purpose.

Composition of Brick:-

Sl. No.
Composition of Brick
%Range
1
Silica
50% to 60%
2
Alumina
20%-30%
3
Lime
<5%
4
Magnesia
<1%
5
Iron Oxide
<7%



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Role of Silica:-

(1.)  It imparts strength, durability and uniform shape of bricks.

(2.)  It prevent cracking, shrinkage of earth.

(3.)  Excess of silica is responsible of corrosion and due to which brick will make brittle.


Role of Alumina:-

 (1.)  Absorb water and imparts plasticity to the earth such that it can be moulded.

 (2.)  If alumina is excess in brick, the crack will develop on drying and becomes hard when burnt.

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Recent Post:Description of lime

Role of Lime:-

(1.)  Prevents the shrinkage on drying

          (2.)  Excess of lime causes the brick to unsound and brick standard shape will change.

Role of Magnesia:-

                (1.)  It imparts yellow colour of brick.

                (2.)  Decrease the shrinkage

                (3.)  Excess of magnesia leads to decay the bricks.



Role of Iron Oxide:-

          (1.)  It gives red colour.

          (2.)  It gives strength & hardness.

          (3.)  Excess of iron oxide makes the brick colour is dark blue.

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Also Read:Description of concrete

Classification of Bricks:-

Sl. No.
Class of Brick
  Min. Crushing Strength 
   Max. Water Absorption
1
First Class
>10 N/MM2
12 % to 20%
2
Second Class
>7 N/MM2
22 %
3
Third Class
<7 N/MM2
25 %
4
Fourth Class/Jhamma
- 
 -
 

 






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Harmful Ingredient in Brick Earth:-

              (1.)   Iron Pyrites

              (2.)  Pebles & Gravels

              (3.)  Alkalies

              (4.)  Organic Matter

              (5.)  Sulpher




Tests of Brick:-

        (1.)  Crushing Test/Compressive Strength Test

        (2.)  Hardness Test

        (3.) Toughness Test

        (4.) Water Absorption Test

        (5.) Alkali Test/Efflorescence Test

        (6.) Soundness Test

        (7.) Shape & Size Test

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Also Read:Syllabus of civil engineering

Note:-

        (1.)  No. of bricks in 1 cum. is 500.

        (2.)  Weight of one brick is lies between 3 to 3.5 kg.

        (3.)  Weight of 1 cum. brick is 1800 kg.

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Manufacturing Procedure of Brick:-

             (1.)  Preparation of Clay

             (2.)  Moulding

             (3.)  Drying

             (4.)  Burning

Procedure of Preparation of Clay:-

        (1.)  Unsoiling

        (2.)  Digging

        (3.)  Cleaning

        (4.)  Weathering

        (5.)  Blending

        (6.)  Tampering

Types of Moulding:-

                        (1.)  Hand Moulding---------(a.) Ground Moulding

                                            (b.) Table Moulding


(2.)Machine Moulding------(a.)Plastic Clay Machine Moulding

                                            (b.)Dry Clay Machine Moulding


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Types of Burning:-

      (1.)  Clamp Burning

      (2.)  Kiln Burning

                   Types of Bond:-

                              (1.)  Strecher Bond

                              (2.)  Header  Bond

                              (3.)  English Bond

                              (4.)  Flemish Bond

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     Also Read:Description of quality control in construction industry

Note:-  
            
             (1.)  English bond is stronger than Flemish bond.

             (2.)  Flemish bond gives better appearance than English bond.

             (3.)  Construction with Flemish bond requires greater skills as compare to English bond.

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             (4.)  Standard size of modular brick is 190 mm x 90 mm x 90 mm  or 190 mm x 90 mm x 40 cm.

             (5.)  Standard size of non-modular brick is 230 mm x 110 mm x 70 mm or 230 mm x 110 mm x 30                mm.

       Prefer IS Code:-

       (1.) IS:1077

            (2.) IS:3495

            (3.) IS:2180




 
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Written By- 
Ritesh Raj
Email Id-rajritesh.motiharirr@gmail.com

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