Important Points SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) During the Inspection of RCC NP4 Pipes

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Important Points SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) During the Inspection of RCC NP4 Pipes: -    Image-Hydro Test (Photo Credit: Ritesh Raj) (1.) Firstly, approved QAP will be checked.  (2.) ID marks should be marked on the inner and outer sides of pipes.  Image-ID Mark (Photo Credit: Ritesh Raj)  (3.) To check the inner and outer diameter of pipes.   (4.) Smooth finishing and before dispatch of RCC pipes cement slurry or grouting where required.   (5.) Load test is required for RCC pipes as per IS codes. It is different for each dia, of RCC pipes.  Image-Plate Load Test (Photo Credit: Ritesh Raj)   (6.) Concrete mix design checked and in which cement content, cement brand, and water-cement ratio should be checked.  (7.) The straightness test to be checked of RCC pipes through the straightness rods to collinear visible.   (8.) As per requirement 2% of hydro tests are to be checked as IS:458 of the total ordered quantity.  Image-Hydro Test (Pressure Release) (Photo Credit: Ritesh Raj)  
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“Description of Lime”

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Lime is a binding material, which is obtained through limestone or chalk and it is a form of calcium carbonate.  Limestone or chalk will cut, pulverized and chemically altered. Lime is used before the introduction of cement.

Lime is a construction material, which is used as a lime mortar. It is also used in internal or external plaster. To make strong and durable mortar and plaster lime is used from thousands year ago. In present time we are using wall putty, which is also made from Lime.

The benefit of lime to mortar and plaster in plastic and hardened state.In the plastic state, lime can increase workability and water retention. In hardened state, lime react with carbon dioxide to regenerate calcium carbonate or limestone.

Lime Concrete is also known as “Liimecrete” is a homogeneous mixture of fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, binder and water. Lime is produced by the calcination of lime stone (CacO3),in which lime stone losses its moisture and CO2 , to form the lime.
           Caco3---Heat--------- Cao+CO2
  

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  Types of Lime :-

       (1.)  Hydraulic Lime (Known as Slack  Lime)/Water Lime

       (2.)  Non-Hydraulic Lime (Known as Quick  Lime)/White Lime/Pure Lime

       (3.)  Calcium Lime 
  
        Recent Post:Description of concrete

       (4.)  Dolomite lime   
                                                                   
       (5.)  Formulated Lime   
    
       (6.)  Hydrated Lime
      
       (7.)  Poor Lime

Sl. No.
Type of Lime
% of Clay
1
Fat Lime
20%
2
Hydraulic Lime
30%
3
Poor Lime
>30%
        
Image Source:Pexels.com
        

Benefits of Lime:-

(1.)  High Workability 
                                                                                                        
(2.)  High Plasticity

(3.)  High durability

(4.)  Good Finishing

(5.)  Absorbing Moisture

(6.)  Long Life Of Structure

(7.)  Energy Efficient

(8.)  Acid Resistance

(9.)  To seal the micro cracks

       
Constituent of Lime:-

   (1.) Clay-(responsible of hydralicity of lime)----Imparts Strength

   (2.) Soluble Silicate-(responsible of hydralicity of lime)-----Imparts Strength

   (3.) MgCO3--------responsible for slaking of lime

   (4.) Sulpher-------Its retards slaking and increase the setting process of lime.
    
Image Source:Pexels.com

Also Read:Syllabus of civil engineering
     Calcination of Lime:-

      Calcination is the heating process. Lime which is extracted from relatively pure lime stone is              known as Quick  lime or Caustic Lime.

     Caustic lime has very high affinity for moisture and very less affinity for carbolic acid.

     Slaking Of Lime-

     It is a conversion of quick lime, in which quick lime in presence of water cracks, swells and falls         out in the powder form. This lime is known as Slaked Lime/Hydrated Lime/Milk of Lime.
    
Image Source:Pexels.com

 Note:-

       (1.)  It helps to stabilize the internal humidity of building by absorbing and releasing moisture.

       (2.)  Lime makes a comfortable environment and reduce surface condensation.

       (3.)  It reduces the risk of trapped moisture.

       (4.)  It protects the ancient building, old building , old monuments and historical structures.

       (5.)  For stabilization of soil we use the quick lime.

       (6.)  Limes provide beautiful finishing.
     

       (7.)  It makes a healthy environment.

       (8.)  Lime is used for minimize the potential for water penetration into masonry wall.

       (9.)  It has low maintenance system.

      (10.) Cement-Lime mortar shown higher bond and shear strength and less water leakage.

      (11.)  The elasticity of high lime content mortar allows for expansion and contraction of many                           historical masonary walls without damaging the masonary units. These units can have low                       compressive strengths and can be damaged by modern masonry products with their higher                       strength.

      (12.)  Lime mortar is used for restoration work.

Image Source:Pexels.com

     Also Read:Description of quality control in construction industry

Uses of Lime in Building Construction:-

       (1.)  Lime wash

      (2.)  To make the AAC (Autoclaved Aerated Concrete) Blocks

      (3.)  Site preparation through soil stabilization

       Mix Proportion:-

        Always  prefer 1:3 Mix proportion is used for masonry work, where 1 part is hydrated lime and 3        parts is sand by volume.

Related IS Codes:-

       (1.)  IS:6932----To check Quality & Composition of Lime

      (2.)  IS:712-----Specification of Building Lime

      (3.)  IS:2394----Code of practice for application of lime plaster

      (4.)  IS:2541----Preparation & Use of lime concrete

      (5.)  IS:1635----Code of practice for field slaking of building



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Written By- 
Ritesh Raj
Email Id-rajritesh.motiharirr@gmail.com

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